Giant hologram

We in a sense are in a possible double life there is in a way a top layer to what we do and an identical action happening out of our sight almost like a parallel universe. That is what Greene was saying and if true it could mean that we as people may not be the real thing we can be images of another us. even though we know this we should go about our lives the same don't change anything because we could be the reality or we may not because of this thought it can cause bewilderment and give us a different insight into our lives. for Edward he had bewilderment in his life he didn't look at things the usual way we as people do he saw the mice as harmless and the snakes as misunderstood creatures that he was in a way able to connect with them and live with them through out his day, he in a way was able to do what we usually can't. his understanding of the unknown is amazing his outlook on life shows that we never look at the little things. In each essay bewilderment is a key factor at looking at our lives differently and to focus on the little things. it helps me to see that this life we live is not as it seems if we take the time to look and see things differently it opens up endless possibilities.

The Inevitability of Bewilderment

Physicist Brian Greene introduces the notion of the universe being a giant hologram. Greene suggests that every thing is controlled by an opposite, sort of parallel universe pre determining these actions. This easily affects my sense of reality due to the idea of free will. This brings question to if free will is actually “free will” or if it is simply predetermined will. Knowing that the perception of things isn’t the actual reality of those things should not determine how one lives his or her life, the concept that everything is pre determined forces one to believe that there is simply one way to live life, the predetermined way.

            Edward Abbey accepts all creatures around him as visitors, although some more threatening than others, he proceeds to search for alternatives to killing the less welcome. Abbey’s connection with creatures and the environment around him is extremely rare; his thirst to learn more and quench his curiosity with experience is inspiring. Although Abbey feels so connected to all living things surrounding him, he acknowledges nature’s original motive for each individual species. This being said, Abbey is aware of boundaries and attempts to stay within the unwritten laws of nature. As he explains, “I follow them for a short distance, still plagued by curiosity, before remembering my place and the requirements of common courtesy.” He then scolds himself for invading the snake’s space, acknowledging that more than just the human species is subject to privacy. I believe there are many instances I could easily relate to Edward Abbey as I am extremely adventurous, curious, and constantly crave the outdoors. If I come across an instance of which I find similarities with Abbey, I will continue to remind myself of the necessary boundaries to be considered. I can instantly relate to Abbey and his drive to discover the unknown, nature and its creatures are beyond interesting, humans were originally meant to live alongside these creatures not disclosed and distant from nature. Abbey recognizes this, thus striving to live in the environment of which he can be one with nature the most.

As Fanny Howe emphasizes in her piece titled “Bewilderment,” many things continue to be unknown to even those most intelligent in different areas of study. Just as Brian Greene illustrates, scientists and philosophers easily view the universe in different ways, just as a poet and a politician may view the economy in a completely different way. Edward Abbey practices man vs nature, this illustrates the inevitable uncertainty of bewilderment referenced by Fanny Howe. While with bewilderment comes uncertainty, as does certainty. Uncertainty and certainty are visible in both pieces, may it be the confusion with the universe or discovery of what is within it, and bewilderment once again proves inevitable.

The Curiosity Towards Bewilderment

In “Our Universe Might Be a Giant Hologram”, Brian Greene mentions how our universe can be a mere reflection, or hologram, of another universe way out of our reach. Our reactions could be triggered by another parallel universe’s actions, and in that case we are to that universe as a puppet is to a puppeteer. Greene states that the word universe has lost its meaning because it used to mean “everything that is” and now we know that we are not the only universe out there, so it’s sort of a paradox to say that there are many of everything. Knowing that there might be a parallel universe out there somewhere make me more aware of my surroundings and actions, because everything I do could be for a reason, and maybe is being done in a complete opposite way in another universe. I believe that by being more aware of your actions changes the whole way we live our lives because then we over-think everything we do instead of just doing it naturally.

In “The Serpents of Paradise”, Edward Abbey has a really close-knit relationship with the environment and his surroundings. He is able to describe in great detail everything he sees and feels, whether it be in the nice mornings or harsh, hot afternoons, or freezing cold nights. He says he likes to have his “bare feet planted on the bare ground”, meaning he likes to be one with Mother Nature, and feel its beauty on his skin. Personally, I would get the same feelings as Abbey when I lived with my parents. Every morning before school, I would go outside barefoot and just watch the sun rise, and ponder about life. This sort of “meditation” would put my mind at ease and make my day just that much better. Abbey seeks to learn more about the unknown, but only to a certain extent. For example, when the two snakes are performing their little dance, he watches them for a while, but then realizes that they too need their own privacy.

In Brian Greene’s essay, he writes that when he was a child he would daydream during class about all of the different “hims” that he would she in his two mirrors in his room, and he showed confusion and curiosity as to how all of that worked, and whether or not there was actually a reflection of him that didn't really reflect his movements. This curiosity led him to him to come up with the holographic universe idea. Similarly to Greene, Abbey shares this curiosity about the environment around him and how some things affect others in different ways. I also share this curiosity, and by understanding that everything happens for a reason, I am able to think about things differently and more thoroughly than before.

Bewildered In A Holographic Nature

It appears to me that Brian Greene`s argument in “Our Universe May Be A Hologram” is that our universe is a parallel or reflection of anther universe that may be out there.  I actually find it very interesting that there could be another universe out there. I have always had a mystical outlook on reality and believe in the fact that we aren’t the only life in Galaxy and the existence of a parallel universe is a concept that has crossed my mind before. I don’t think that we should let Greene`s argument get in the way of the way we are living our lives currently. The way I think of it is the decisions we make are our decisions alone, yes there may be a parallel universe and yes maybe our decisions are dictated by those versions of ourselves or vice versa, but if we let a possibility rule our lives then we aren’t really living. This concept relates to Bewilderment in the sense that it forces us to live in the moment and not think about things that aren’t in our control. It is healthy to have a sense of the unknown in our lives, in my opinion it is that sort of spontaneity that makes life worth living.

In Edward Abbey`s “The Serpent of Paradise” Abbey illustrates his love for nature through his descriptive language and tone. He mentions the “bright, clear and calm” sky and the feel of the breeze as he sits outside and watches the animals. Abbey has a loving relationship with the animals full of the understanding that so long as neither one harms the other there will be a mutual acceptance of one another`s presence. I think this sort of world is an extremely beneficial way to live. An acceptance of the world around us is as close to euphoria that I think we would be able to get. This piece also has a connection to bewilderment in the sense that Abbey is so comfortable with just living in the moment and realizing that he doesn’t know everything the animals are thinking. He is okay with living in complete bewilderment. A fact that I find beautiful.

In Brian Greene's " Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram" the argument being presented is that our universe is only a reflection of another like that of two mirrors facing each other. When reading this there was a certain level of understanding but I don't believe that there should be a change in how we handle things even if we are just a hologram of another. Edward Abbey's relationship with the animals that basically live with him is interesting it's like he is just a spectator of the animals. It is bizarre in a way because he lives by himself and watches animals around him as if he is in the the wilderness and is one of the animals himself. I have never had experiences like Abbey but I don't know if it would be beneficial to experience something like. Both of these texts have different views about life as we know it one were our universe is just a reflection of another and the other text talks as if the person is more in touch with animals then people, because of this I find both very interesting but bewildering at the same time.

Our Universe Might Be a Giant Hologram

At the beginning Brian Greene is talking about how mirrors give off reflections of light. Also about how reflected images are different to how others look at them. Briana Greene also mentions how the word universe can be used in different ways or concepts. It can be used for everything in the world, for things only you are considered in, or just for things you consider everything to you. People might see the world or universe as one, or as many different worlds. He says that two physicists named Jacob Bekenstein and Stephen Hawking found that a black hole measure's the surface area  of where the information is actually stored. And that there is no right answer for it, but by the way you view the black hole, either from the inside or the outside. The implications that Greene brought on me were that I agree that the universe can be viewed differently because not all people think the same. Also that it could viewed as one or many parts in one. Knowing our perception of things does change how we can live our lives because their isn't an actual reality change about anything.

Brian Greene and Edward Abbey

In Brian Greene's article "Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram" his argument is that our universe is just a mere reflection of another universe. I find this ver confusing since I don't believe that there is any other universe. But IF there were to be another universe that in some way we reflected from then I would believe that our reality would no longer be up to us. This is something that I find scary because who would ever want to not be in control of their own life? Basically our realities would already be chosen. I honestly feel as if we would have no reality for ourselves since we would only be a reflection of something else that is making our choices, therefore we would not be living our own lives.
In Edward Abbey's reading "The Serpents of Paradise" he gets along with the creatures that live in his house because they don't cause him harm so he doesn't cause them harm. He lets these animals throughout his story do as they please since they too have a right to do what they want to. He seems to be connected with these creatures throughout the whole story even though he can't understand them fully.
Bewilderment shows up in both stories. In Greene's it is obviously when people do not have control of their own lives. Living a life that is actually yours would certainly cause some bewilderment. In Abbey's reading the bewilderment is him not knowing exactly what the creatures are thinking but still accepting them anyways. Just as Abbey accepts the creatures without knowing their full intentions, we should do the same. Bewilderment is in many cases a good thing because it causes us to get more involved and interested.

Bewilderment

In "Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram" Brian Greene is basically saying that the life we are living isn't actual reality. I didn't quite understand his theory because to me he's basically saying that our life is just a mere image of a life in another universe; "a shadow of the realm where real events take place." I'm not sure if I could say that I can relate to this because I feel as if each person is their own self and nobody has or will ever be anything like them or do anything the exact way another has done. Bewilderment comes out in this reading by basically saying that one does not have control over themselves or anything that they are doing. If I was to believe that I was a reflection of somebody else in another universe I know that I would be bewildered.
In "The Serpents of Paradise" by Edward Abbey, he has a very close relationship with the animals that he comes in contact with. He lets the mice live in his house and does not kill the rattlesnake when he sees it. This is all because he values nature enormously, so much that he even admits that he'd rather kill a human than an animal. Abbey creates a close relationship with the gopher snake that she catches and brings home but then one day she leaves it outside and it is gone when she arrives back home. Later on the gopher snake comes back, or so he thinks, with another companion. It seems as if he is delighted to see it again and is very curious about to learn more about it and its companion. When the gopher snakes began to leave, he is so interested that he begins to follow them but soon stops and realizes that he needs to let them be. Abbey is okay with the disappearance of these snakes because he knows that they have their own life. It also talks about how the noises dolphins and coyotes make and what they are actually meaning. This is where the bewilderment shows up. Abbey is okay with the bewilderment of not knowing what these creatures are thinking because they do not know exactly what we are thinking either.
Both text experience bewilderment in ways that I believe we all experience it too. When we don't have control over things in our lives then we feel as if we can not help ourselves or others the way we need to. We feel confused and lost when we aren't capable to have control of our own actions. Also when we can't connect with others it sometimes causes us to be bewildered. At times when people have different views, different ways of doing things, and etc then it can cause us to get confused.

A Bewildered Holographic Snake

In “Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram”, Brian Greene brings up the argument that our universe is just a reflection of another universe. He gives the example of the mirrors reflecting one another and how there are looks to be like an endless line of reflections. This concept does effect my sense of reality because what was once real to me is now just a reflection, a fake. The idea is really confusing because like the mirror example there is an origin of the reflected images, so who is to say that we are not that origin. That if there are other universes then they are reflecting us, not the other way around. I would say that this would change our perception because our reality is no longer a reality. Everything we do is meaningless in a way. However it could also change our perception for the good, thinking more optimistically even though its not THE reality it is OUR reality so it is real to us reflection or not.
In “The Serpents Paradise”, Edward Abbey writes about a Park ranger that seems to be fascinated by the environment and the creatures living in it as well as enjoying it. The Park ranger feels somewhat connected and isolated from the animals. Connected to them in a way that he refers to the gopher snake as visitors, cousins, etc. when he says, “My visitor is still waiting beneath the doorstep, basking in the sun…”. Terms that refer to things such as friends and family rather than an enemy. He is isolated from them because he can’t see to understand the way they think, like their way of thinking is more complex as he states, “that many of the nonhuman undomesticated animals experience emotions unknown to us.” I have not personally experience what the Park Ranger has but if I were to, I believe that it would be beneficial for me because I would have the opportunity to be one with nature and appreciate all the things around me. I would consider Abbey to be comfortable with the unknown because he doesn't try to force his way into understanding, but instead he states, “we are obliged, therefore, to spread the news, painful and bitter though it may be for some to hear, all living things on hand are kindred…”.
There is bewilderment in both texts. “Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram”, it is bewildering to hear the concept of there being a multiverse and that our universe is just a reflection of another. Just the idea of it makes it sound like a dream, like nothing around us is real and it is all a fake. Bewilderment is expressed in “Serpents of Paradise” because of the mysteries the Park Rangers is unable to discover. Being comfortable with nature and the animals doesn't give him all the answers to their behavior. Like why the coyote howls to the moon at night. These ideas relate to me because I am apart of this universe and knowing that it could be a reflection is an overwhelming idea to think about and really gets me thinking about the universe, world and the animals that live in it.

Brian Greene, Edward Abbey and Fanny Howe

Brian Greene brings the unsettling idea in "Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram," that our world as we know it may not actual be the real world, but instead a reflection of a distant universe that is parallel to us, and what is scary about this idea is that this other universe is said to be "fully linked" to our world. If Greene's assessment is true, and our reality is not really reality at all, for me, I feel as though that would change nothing about my persona. Although this concept exists and may be real, what can we do to change or become aware of such a universe? If this parallel universe does exist should we go out and search for it? Should we ditch our morals since it wouldn't matter considering we're not the original reality? I think its an interesting concept but our lives wouldn't change.
Edward Abbey's "The Serpents of Paradise" displays bewilderment with man and animal. We readers can observe from the text that the protagonist is no stranger to nature and the environment because he is a park ranger, but his interactions with the animals also gives away his relationship to the environment as being familiar. As for the creatures in the environment, the character seems to be fine with the idea of sharing his home with mice but at first is scared/confused about the rattle snake's presence so close to himself, and even plans to kill it. But we can see a change in his attitude towards snakes when he encounters a gopher snake. He feels both connected and isolated from the animals. Connected in a way that he shares house with the mice and the gopher snake at a point, isolated because when his curiosity arises to watch the two gopher snakes he retreats in order to give them their own space and says "For godsake let them go in peace." I think there's plenty of instances I have experienced that relate to Abbey's story because I have always been fascinated with animals and I know quite a lot about them but I could only observe them to a certain extent because they would leave my range of sight. Observing nature is bewildering in a way because animals are different from humans but in a way the same. Animals vary in fur, color, legs, snouts and many others that differentiate species but we're the same in the way we survive, hunt, compete, etc. I think Abbey is comfortable with the unknown because he does not try to understand the animals fully. He lets the rattle snake leave his sight and mind, as he does with the two gopher snakes he lets go in peace to do whatever they please without his supervision. In the reading of Brian Greene I think bewilderment lies in the total concept that our reality is such a parallel of a true reality, we are lost and without answers as to who are we, and what really is this world we are living in? As for Abbey's text bewilderment lies in the acts of nature, the relationships we can grow or the relationships that dwindle, the fact that emotionally we as humans can connect to animals and nature is amazing and bewildering! I think the two texts are common in a way that both question reality, the "Our Universe May Be a Giant Hologram" suggests another universe, while "The Serpents of Paradise" show a different world other than the one we're used to of technology and innovations but a world of nature events in the environment among animals we fail to notice. These readings make me want to take notice and make myself aware of the world, all the elements that make up our world and what is happening all around us everyday that we fail to notice because maybe; such stories are in their own way their own universes.                 

In "Nature and the Environment" by Edward Abbey his relationship with the creatures are connected. He describes how he sees the snakes staring back at him and describes what they look like. Each season a different type of snake appears in his trailer. He is mostly interested in the gopher snake, especially there dance. He feels connected to them because he is interested in what they do and how they acted. "The gopher snake and I get along nicely." (Abbey, pg. 499.) None of Edward Abbey's experiment ever has happened to me only in my dreams. I think it would be beneficial to experience his world because people would be able to connect with the environment and know what to do with it and how to take care of it. Abbey is comfortable with the unknown because when he sees the snakes and the gopher snakes dancing he focusses on them and triers figuring out why they do that.

In "Our Universe May Be A Giant Hologram", by Brian Greene he argues that the universe you only have yourself and its parallel. He says like a black hole it has a a bunch of surface area just  like the parallel world. Knowing that our perception of things isn't reality dose not change anything about how we live our lives.

All stories have different views of the the world and in "Bewilderment" and "Nature and the Environment" they both talk about the world in nature, and " bewilderment" and "Our Universe May Be A Giant Hologram" both talk about oneself.

The Unknown and Bewilderment

In Brian Greene's essay "Our Universe Might Be a Giant Hologram", he seems to focus on his belief in "Holographic Parallel Universes". He believes that there is "some distant surface that, much as a puppeteer pulls strings, are fully linked to the processes taking place in my fingers, arms, and brain" as he types his essay on the computer. I personally wouldn't put much thought into my perception of reality changing because even if there was some alternate universe, I would still be here in our universe. Sure its strange that some person (or thing) is doing something light years away, that is related to what I'm doing. I won't deny that, BUT the fact of the matter is I'm over here, and they're somewhere else. If there was a chance that we'd get to meet each other, I might care a little more and even feel some sort of weird connection to my "other self", but until then...

On the topic of connection, I do believe Edward Abbey, author of "Serpents of Paradise", has a connection to the animals living in the woods with him. He says "I'm a humanist. I'd rather kill a man than a snake." According to Dicionary.com, a humanist is a person having a strong interest in or concern for human welfare, values, and dignity, so his willingness to take a mans life over an animal shows that he has a higher regard for them. When I was a vegetarian, I too was more concerned with the feelings of animals sometimes more than other people. It's sad really, but I felt bad for them and I, like Abbey, believed (and still believe) it is possible that "many of the nonhuman undomesticated animals experience emotions unknown to us." I think because of his deep connection with nature and uncivilization, Abbey tries to familiarize himself with their unknown thoughts or emotions. As previously mentioned, he feels connected to the wild and its inhabitants so maybe he desires to learn as much as he can about them in order to deepen that connection.

The common ground in both of these stories seems to be the idea of the unknown, and that inability to uncover it leads the authors to a state of bewilderment. They allow themselves to become confused/bewildered by their interests, and they won't find clarity until the unknown is revealed.

       In "Nature and the Environment" by Edward Abbey shows a relationship between an individual with nature/environment. It is about him living in a trailer in the middle of no where, its just him and the living animals around him at least that's what I believe. His relationship is very positive with the animals that surround him such as mice, rattlesnake, and also the two gopher snakes. Although he wants to get rid of the mice the rattlesnake he doesn't kill them since he is a humanist saying that, "I'd rather kill a man than a snake." He wants to get rid of the mice later because they attract rattlesnakes; but then he finds a gopher snake which are rivals with the rattlesnakes and the gopher snake can get rid of both so he keeps in sort of like a "pet." After the gopher disappears, he later comes back with a mate and the man sees them doing somewhat of a ritual dance. When the gopher snakes notice he is approaching them so they leave and he notices that he will never see them again, and let's them go in peace. This is very good in my opinion that he is very open minded, and actually somewhat understands nature, very beneficial indeed.
       In "our universe may be a giant hologram" by Brian Greene is over an idea that the world and what happens to us, is similar to what happens in another universe far from us. What happens to us is sort of a shadow that is happening in another universe, like many times before I have read in articles that we as humans don't have any control over our life's; so I think this is what Greene is also trying to
       Even though they are different to each other, both of the readings have some sort of bewilderment. In "Nature and the Environment" bewilderment is shown in how we humans don't know what animals are thinking/feeling because were not one of them. Just like they can't understand us, nor could we understand them. And this confuses us which is similar to bewilderment. In "our universe may be a giant hologram" bewilderment is being showed in this article is how we are lost in our own universe, we have to understand what is occurring in the other universe which like I said causes us to be lost.

"Our Universe May be a Giant Hologram" and "Nature and the Environment"

Physicist Brian Greene in his essay “Our Universe May be a Giant Hologram” makes the argument that the world and the realities that are happening everyday around us are solely a depiction of another universe that is far off in the distance. He argues that what happens here in this universe is simply a shadow of the events taking place in another universe. While reading this essay I was initially confused at first but then I realized that if this is true then reality is actually false. I feel that my sense of reality is not really mine but someone else’s who is in another universe; it’s kind of like you are just imitating something that is being imitated in some different universe. Well if this is the case, then should we be responsible for our actions? Because if we are just following what is being done somewhere else we really don’t have any control over our life.

On the other hand Edward Abbey in his essay “Nature and the Environment” portrays his relationship with nature and his surrounding environment. I believe that Abbey has a very positive relationship with his environment and the creatures within it. He practically lives in a desert in the middle of nowhere where he is immune to being face to face with scary creatures such as snakes every day. Although he is at risk of being bitten he decides not to kill the rattlesnake beneath the doorstep because he is humanist and would “rather kill a man than a snake.”  He further decides to let mice roam in his trailer because they “don’t disturb [him] and are welcome to [his] crumbs and leavings. Although Abbey feels connected to the environment and its creatures at the same time he has a sort of isolation from them. This is depicted when he gets attached to the gopher snake and lets the snake “wrap himself around [his] waist and rest on [his] belt.” But when the gopher snake comes back to the trailer after disappearing with a mate he finds them engaged in a “ritual dance” or a “pas de deux.” His curiosity leads him to get closer and “see the whole thing” but is discovered by the snakes that stop dancing and go to him to discover him. After the snakes are done with their discovery, they “veer and race away” from him. Abbey attempts to chase them but realizes that he should “let them go in peace.” I feel that it is beneficial to experience the world like Abbey because you are more open to more interpretations and for someone like me who does not like bugs and other creatures it is a way to discover something new and possibly better. Abbey is comfortable with the unknown because if he wanted to know everything to the root he would have followed the snakes to know where they were going and what they were doing but he chose to let go. This in return I feel lets the elements of “sympathy, mutual aid, symbiosis, and continuity” exist.
               Both of these essays have some sort of bewilderment factor that exists within them. In “Our Universe May be a Giant Hologram” bewilderment is shown in the fact that we are lost in our own universe because our perception of things is not the reality but just a mirroring image of the instances taking place in another universe. To make sense of the occurrences around us we have to make sense of the other universe. Contrasting this in “Nature and the Environment” bewilderment is present in the idea that the emotions that are felt by animals are different or unknown to humans because of the fact that we are not one of them. This is the same for animals. As humans we are not able to understand what an animal is saying or why they do something and this is confusing to us because we like to have a set stone answer for everything. These ideas affect me personally because I don’t like open-endedness; I like to have a certain answer or a correct answer for things. It really messes with my mind that confusion is necessary to understand concepts.

Bewilderment

Fanny Howe, in his essay Bewilderment, gives examples of how he and others have observed and applied bewilderment in their stories, poems and life. Howe, as the essay goes along, attempts to better define bewilderment by providing poems and stories that create the felling of bewilderment that show how they have successfully created this feeling and confusion. Although he gives great examples of bewilderment he does not give a straight definition of what bewilderment is but creates an understanding within one’s self. By crafting an environment of bewilderment within the essay, one is left confused with the feeling of bewilderment. Because one is able to experience the feeling of bewilderment as it is being explained in a bewildering way, one is better able to comprehend and associate the feeling with the text. Given all the information, stories and poems within the essay, one is left juggling information in a puzzling balancing act, attempting to understand it all at once. This struggle to understand and just not knowing what to do, one becomes engulfed and dazed by the overload and begins creating an understanding of the composition of this feeling. Understanding this feeling of healthy confusion, as the author describes, gives people the ability to know how to deal with all-of-a-sudden type situations. Without these types of feelings and situations people would be certain of everything and never be left wondering and pondering new and greater ideas. In that case we’d be stuck on a plateau of innovation and be left bored and lifeless. Bewilderment therefor not only is defined but is what causes life to be confusing but better because it allows the creation of new thought because of the need to know and understand what other thoughts mean. Certainty is what people are attempting to achieve with the constantly revolutionizing of innovation and something they will never achieve because it is continuously changing. This is not a bad thing, this is actually a great thing because, as human beings, this is what has allowed us to survive and reinvent the world around us.

Bewilderment

 Fanny Howe's Bewilderment, requires the reader to really read and  thoroughly interpret each piece of her writing. The article also required plenty of complex thinking and understandings. Fanny Howe, a poet novelist and writer of many short stories, describes how such small things can have multiple complex meanings and interpretations. In particular, bewilderment.  Bewilderment is defined as being completely confused or perplexed. She uses the story of King Midas to further explain her argument. When describing the "Midas Touch" story, Howe explains that the story isn't just about greed but, "it was about looking too hard and too possessively at living things."(4.) Using this example and many others she explains how bewilderment has multiple purposes in writing. She says that bewilderment also challenges the theory of dualism. Dualism, according to Dictionary.com, is the state of being dual or consisting of two parts, division into two. Howe argues that bewilderment separates us from the idea there is just black and white, or this and that, or just two sides to the story. She also makes the point that, "The mystery of thought can only be solved by thought itself- which is what?" (5.) We don't really know what thought is because we can't really break thought down without relaying back to a previously broken down thought. Just like a spiral. It is always continuous and never ending. A spiral knows no direction.This means that all things on this earth can be broken down into smaller things or broadened into more complex ideas, but this process will never end and continue to be broken down and built back up again. It all just depends on the perspective of a person. In conclusion, what Howe is really trying to portray, is the bewilderment or just being confused is the root of writing. Being forced to question, answer the question and question again an idea, allows us to come to somewhat of a conclusion to that idea. Although we will never really find the true answer when writing or have the exact same perspective as someone else, being bewildered when writing can help us push our writing into a more creative and original direction.